ABSTRACT
The exact pathogenesis of nasal polyposis is unknown, but inflammation is thought to be an important factor in its development. CC chemokines and CC chemokine receptors on inflammatory cells influence the cells' migration to the inflammation sites. In an attempt to better understand the events of this migration, we performed an analysis of the CC chemokine receptors mRNA in nasal polyps, allergic inferior turbinate mucosa and hypertrophic inferior turbinate mucosa. The expression of CC chemokine receptor mRNA was measured with an RT-PCR in 20 samples of nasal polyps, seven samples of allergic inferior turbinate mucosa and six samples of hypertrophic inferior turbinate mucosa. The results showed the expression levels of CCR2, CCR3, CCR4, and CCR5 mRNA to be higher in the nasal polyps than in the mucosa taken from the allergic and hypertrophic inferior turbinates. CCR4 and CCR5 mRNA expressed more strongly than did CCR1, CCR2 and CCR3 mRNA (p<0.001). The number of infiltrating eosinophils correlated with the level of CCR3 mRNA expression (p<0.001).
Subject(s)
Chemokines, CC , Eosinophils , Inflammation , Mucous Membrane , Nasal Polyps , Receptors, CCR , RNA, Messenger , TurbinatesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Chemokines are effective leukocyte chemoattractants and may play an important role in mediating eosinophil recruitment in various allergic conditions in human. Eotaxin is an eosinophil-specific chemokine associated with the recruitment of eosinophils to the site of allergic inflammation. However, it is not yet known as to whether or not RANTES is associated with selective tissue eosinophilia. The aim of this study is to understand the events involved in selective eosinophil migration into inflammatory sites. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed the quantitative analysis of RANTES and eotaxin mRNA expression levels in TDI-induced nasal hyper-reactive rats. Expression levels of RANTES and eotaxin mRNA from inferior turbinate mucosa were examined using competitive PCR in 35 experimental rats and 5 control rats compared with infiltrated eosinophil counts. RESULTS: The quantity of RANTES mRNA increased 3 folds 2 day after provocation, and the infiltrating eosinophils were correlated with the expression levels of RANTES mRNA (p<0.01). The quantity of eotaxin mRNA increased 15 folds 1 day after provocation. These results suggest that RANTES and eotaxin play a role in controlling antigen-induced eosinophil recruitment into the tissue. Eotaxin is a more potent and selective chemoattractant for eosinophils than infiltrating eosinophils, and were correlated with the expression levels of eotaxin mRNA (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Further investigations for chemokine receptor related to eosinophils will provide better understanding of the mechanism involved in selective tissue eosinophilia.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Rats , Chemokine CCL5 , Chemokines , Chemokines, CC , Chemotactic Factors , Eosinophilia , Eosinophils , Inflammation , Leukocytes , Mucous Membrane , Negotiating , Polymerase Chain Reaction , RNA, Messenger , TurbinatesABSTRACT
Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) has been implicated in selective eosinophil recruitment characterizing allergic inflammation. To understand the events involved in selective eosinophil migration into allergic inflammatory sites, we performed quantitative analysis of VCAM-1 mRNA expression levels in the nasal mucosa of TDI-induced allergic rats. Expression levels of VCAM-1 mRNA from inferior turbinate were examined using competitive PCR in 35 allergic rats and 5 control rats and compared with infiltrated eosinophil counts. Quantity of VCAM-1 mRNA was more increased in allergy group than in the control group, especially in group sacrificed 3 hours to 4 days after provocation. Infiltrating eosinophils were correlated with the expression levels of VCAM-1 mRNA (p<0.01). These results suggest that VCAM-1 plays a predominant role in controlling antigen-induced eosinophil recruitment into the tissue, and that the induction of VCAM-1 expression on the endothelium at the site of allergic inflammation regulates eosinophil recruitment.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Endothelium , Eosinophils , Hypersensitivity , Inflammation , Nasal Mucosa , Polymerase Chain Reaction , RNA, Messenger , Turbinates , Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Programmed cell death (apoptosis) is distinctive form of cell death manifested by characteristic chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation, whose function is the deletion of cells in normal development, organogenesis, immune function, and tissue growth, but which can also be induced by pathologic stimuli. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between apoptotic index and HPV, p53 and PCNA expression, and clinicopathological findings in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourty-one cases of laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas were analyzed for the detection of HPV DNA by in situ hybridization, the expression of p53 and PCNA by immunohistochemical technique, and detection of apoptotic bodies by in situ hybridization. RESULTS: HPV DNA was detected in 8 (19.51%), p53 was expressed in 26 (63.41%) out of 41 cases, and the PCNA expression rate was 48.39+/-21.06%. The average apoptotic index was 9.38+/-2.89, there was no relationship between apoptotic index and HPV and p53 expression (p>0.05). The apoptotic indices were 11.26+/-1.86, 8.17+/-2.55, and 4.32+/-2.41 in well differentiatied, moderately differentiatied and poorly differentiatied carcinoma, respectively. The histopathological differences were statistically significant (p<0.05). Also there was an inverse proportion between apoptotic index and PCNA expression. CONCLUSION: The apoptotic index was related to cellular differentiation regardless of HPV and p53 expression. Also these results suggest that the numbers of apoptotic bodies in the tumor tissues can make it possible to presume indirectly the malignant potentiality of the tumor and will help us to understand the biologic behavior of head and neck cancer.
Subject(s)
Apoptosis , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Cell Death , Chromatin , DNA , DNA Fragmentation , Head and Neck Neoplasms , In Situ Hybridization , Organogenesis , Proliferating Cell Nuclear AntigenABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between apoptotic index and clinicopathological findings in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourty-one cases of laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas were analyzed for the detection of apoptotic bodies by in situ hybridization. RESULTS: The average apoptotic index was 9.38+/-2.89. The apoptotic indices were 11.26+/-1.86, 8.17+/-2.55, and 4.32+/-2.41 in well differentiated, moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated carcinoma, respectively. The histopathological differences and apoptotic index were statistically significant(p<0.05). But there was no relationship between apoptotic index and T stage, nodal status, recurrence and treatment results. CONCLUSION: The apoptotic index was only related to cellular differentiation. Also these results suggest that the numbers of apoptotic bodies in the tumor tissues can make it possible to presume indirectly the malignant potentiality of the tumor and will help us to understand the biologic behavior of head and neck cancer.
Subject(s)
Apoptosis , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Head and Neck Neoplasms , In Situ Hybridization , RecurrenceABSTRACT
It is well known that many eosinophils are infiltrated in the bronchial and nasal mucosa of allergic patients, and that eosinophil granule proteins can injure the bronchial epithelium. But it is uncertain whether epithelial injury occurs in the nasal mucosa of patients with allergic rhinitis and, if so, whether the injury is related with the eosinophil infiltration. The present study was made with the aim of determining the correlation between eosinophil infiltration and epithelial injury in the nasal mucosa of guinea pigs with experimentally induced nasal allergy. 2,4-Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) is considered to be a causative agent of allergic pulmonary disorder and allergic rhinitis. Guinea pigs were sensitized by applying TDI onto their bilateral nasal vestibules once a day for five consecutive days. Symptom scores, peripheral blood and histopathology of the nasal mucosa in the inferior turbinate were examined in both allergy and control group. The symptom scores were significantly higher in allergy group than in control group and the eosinophils of peripheral blood were found significantly higher in the allergy groups, especially in groups sacrificed 24 and 48 hour after provocation. As well, there was a positive correlation between how heavily infiltrated the eosinophils were and the level of epithelial loss in the nasal mucosa. The correlation was prominent in groups sacrificed 24 and 48 hour after provocation. The findings indicate that the epithelial injury occurs in the nasal mucosa of guinea pigs with nasal allergy and that injury is related to the eosinophil infiltration.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Eosinophil Granule Proteins , Eosinophils , Epithelium , Guinea Pigs , Guinea , Hypersensitivity , Nasal Mucosa , Rhinitis , Toluene , TurbinatesABSTRACT
PURPOSE: We evaluated the HPV type 16, 18 infection and p53 expression and MHC class Iantigen expression, and analyzed he relationship between HPV infection and p53 expression and MHC class I expression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-nine cases of laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas and ten cases of laryngeal nodules were analyzed for detection of HPV DNA by in situ hybridization and the detection of p53 and MHC class I antigen by immunohistochemical technique. RESULTS: HPV DNA was detected in 10(26%), and p53 expression was detected in 19(49%) out of 39 cases in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas. HPV positive cases showed 50% of p53 expression whereas HPV negative cases showed 48% expression. MHC class I down-regulation (heterogenous and negative expression) in HPV positive lesions was higher than HPV negative lesions, but there was no statistically significance. The expression of MHC class I was related to cellular differentiation regardless of T-stage and nodal involvement. CONCLUSION: There was no reiationship between HPV infection and p53 expression and MHC class I expression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas. Also these results suggest that MHC class I expression can make it possible to presume indirectly the malignant potentiality of the tumor.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , DNA , Down-Regulation , In Situ HybridizationABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus(HPV) is epitheliotrophic virus invading the anogenital tract and the upper aerodigestive tract. HPV produces a diversity of benign and malignant tumors. The wild-type p(53) gene participates in suppressing cell transformation while the mutant forms have tumorigenic potential. Alterations in the structure of p(53) gene represent one of the most common genetic changes associated with human cancers. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the HPV infection and p(53) overexpression, and analyzed p(53) overexpression according to clinicopathological findings and HPV infection in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-nine cases of laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas and ten cases of laryngeal nodules were analyzed for the detection of HPV DNA by in situ hybridization technique and the detection of p(53) overexpression by immunohistochemical technique. RESULTS: 1) HPV DNA was detected in 10(25.6%), and p(53) overexpression was detected in 19(48.7%) out of 39 cases in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas. 2) The p(53) overexpression was detected in 7(78%) out of 9 cases more than Brinkman index score 1000, and was detected in 12(40%) out of 30 cases less than 1000. 3) HPV positive cases showed 50% of p(53) overexpression whereas HPV negative cases showed 48% overexpression. CONCLUSION: HPV and p(53) gene were thought to be the etiological factors of laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas. The p(53) overexpression was related to smoking regardless of the histopathological findings and HPV infection.
Subject(s)
Humans , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , DNA , In Situ Hybridization , Smoke , SmokingABSTRACT
The incidence of otogenic intracranial complication has decreased markedly following the advent of modern chemotherapy. Less is it a disease of children in association with acute otitis media. More often it is seen in the adult after a long history of chronic ear disease, especially cholesteatoma. In the modern literature on lateral sinus thrombosis, meningitis and cerebral abscess are listed as the most common concomitant complications and cerebellar abscess is poorer prognosis than any other complications. Recently we experienced a case of cerebellar abscess after treatment of lateral sinus thrombophlebitis associated with cholesteatoma, and reported this case along with literature survey.
Subject(s)
Adult , Child , Humans , Abscess , Brain Abscess , Cholesteatoma , Drug Therapy , Ear Diseases , Incidence , Lateral Sinus Thrombosis , Literature, Modern , Meningitis , Otitis Media , Prognosis , Transverse SinusesABSTRACT
The human papillomavirus(HPV) is a subfamily of the Papovaviridae family as a double stranded DNA virus, and HPV is the etiological agent of squamous cell papillomas in different anatomic regions including the skin and the mucous membranes of oral cavity, esophagus, respiratory and anogenital tracts. Inverted papilloma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is uncommon benign lesion, in which there is a inversion of the neoplastic epithelium into the underlying stroma. The local aggressiveness, high rate of recurrence, associated malignancy, and tendency of multicentricity have led to the advocation of radical removal of the tumor. The cause of sinonasal inverted papilloma remains unknown. However, the involved etiologic factors are thought to be smoking, allergy, environmental factors, HPV, and chronic infections. The purpose of this study was to detect HPV in sinonasal inverted papilloma, to examine the relationship between cellular dysplasia and recurrence of inverted papilloma, to examine the relationship between HPV and recurrence of inverted papilloma in forty two sinonasal inverted papillomas(inverted papilloma without dysplasia 30 cases, inverted papilloma with dysplasia 6 cases, inverted papilloma associated squamous cell carcinoma 5 cases, inverted papilloma transformed squamous cell carcinoma 1 case). For these purposes, paraffin-embedded tissues were subjected to polymerase chain reaction using type-specific primers pairs. Following results were obtained: 1) The HPV was detected in 5(12%) out of 42 cases of inverted papilloma, one contained human papillomvirus 6, two contained human papillomavirus 11, and two contained human papillomavirus 16. 2) The recurrence of inverted papilloma occurred in 1(16%) out of 6 cases exhibited dysplasia, in 3(10%) out of 30 cases not exhibited dysplasia. 3) The recurrence of inverted papilloma occurred in 2(66%) out of 3 cases positive for HPV, in 2(6%) out of 33 cases negative for HPV. In conclusion HPV was thought to be the etiological factor of sinonasal inverted papilloma. Also there was a relationship between HPV and recurrence of inverted papilloma. Further work is in progress to determine the possible mechanisms by which HPV induces oncogenesis in inverted papilloma.